Copper-Catalyzed Hydroamination of 2-Alkynylazobenzenes: Synthesis of 3-Alkenyl-2-Indazoles.

A copper-catalyzed intramolecular synthesis of 3-alkenyl-2-indazoles from 2-alkynylazobenzenes is described. The reaction proceeds in a single step via C-N bond formation and a subsequent 1,2-hydride shift, affording products in high yields. DFT calculations suggest the 1,2-hydride shift as the rate-determining step.

Visible Light-Mediated Heterodifunctionalization of Alkynylazobenzenes for 2-Indazole Synthesis.

We disclose the heterodifunctionalization of alkynylazobenzenes promoted exclusively by visible light in the absence of any transition metal and/or photocatalyst. This reaction features excellent regioselectivity on a broad variety of substrates with perfect atom economy. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, thiols, amides, heterocycles, and even water are suitable substrates for the promotion of the oxyamination, sulfenoamination, and diamination reactions.

Immunohistochemistry subtyping of urothelial carcinoma is feasible in the daily practice.

The preferred treatment of choice in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is usually transurethral resection followed by cystectomy, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy being a second option. As the treatment is associated with relevant side effects, a great effort is being made to improve the selection of patients, with molecular subtyping being one of the main strategies. Our aim was to develop an immunohistochemical algorithm for subtyping MIBCs.

High affinity nanobodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor selected on cells by E. coli display.

Most therapeutic antibodies (Abs) target cell surface proteins on tumor and immune cells. Cloning of Ab gene libraries in E. coli and their display on bacteriophages is commonly used to select novel therapeutic Abs binding target antigens, either purified or expressed on cells.

Polystyrene-supported N-methylthiourea: a convenient new reagent for the hydrogenolysis of bicyclic endoperoxides.

The single-step preparation of a polystyrene-bound N-methylthiourea and its use for the hydrogenolysis of bicyclic endoperoxides is described.