Oxidative Coupling of [Ge(Si(SiMe))] with f Elements.

We report the reactions of K[Ge(Hyp)] (Hyp = Si(SiMe)) with (thf)YbI, ThI, and UCl, leading to the oxidative coupling of the metalloid germanium cluster to form the dimeric dianion [Ge(Hyp)]. The novel dimerized Ge-cluster was isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis as a component of ionic compounds [Yb(thf)][Ge(Hyp)] () and [K(2.2.

Substitution of Hyp (Hyp = Si(SiMe)) at metalloid [Ge(Hyp)] clusters using phosphine stabilized Au(I)Cl.

We present two new intermetalloid cluster compounds [(BuP)AuGe(Hyp)Au(PBu)] (1) and [Au(iPrPOCHOPiPr)AuGe(Hyp)] (2) which are obtained from the reaction of KGe(Hyp) (Hyp = Si(SiMe)) with the respective Au(I) phosphine precursors. The products are characterized X-ray crystal structure analysis and the reaction course is analysed NMR spectroscopy. We also show that in the resulting compound 1 the hypersilyl substituents can be reintroduced the reaction with Hyp-Cl to obtain BuPAuGe(Hyp).

Hold on for One More Day: Energetic Costs of Oviductal Egg Retention in Eastern Musk Turtles ().

AbstractIn oviparous reptiles, parental care is often limited to the energy allocated to embryos before oviposition. Reproducing females can allocate energy toward vitellogenesis, determining the number and size of eggs, fertilization, eggshell calcification, retention of eggs within the oviduct after fertilization (oviductal egg retention), and nesting activities. Oviductal egg retention in turtles ranges from 2 wk to half a year, permitting flexibility in the timing of oviposition.

Every breath you take: assessing metabolic costs of toxin resistance in garter snakes (Thamnophis).

Trait specialization often comes at the expense of original trait function, potentially causing evolutionary tradeoffs that may render specialist populations vulnerable to extinction. However, many specialized adaptations evolve repeatedly, suggesting selection favors specialization in specific environments. Some garter snake (Thamnophis) populations possess specialized mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels that allow them to consume Pacific newts (Taricha) defended by a highly potent neurotoxin (tetrodotoxin).

Photoexcitation of Ge Clusters in THF: New Insights into the Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics and the Influence of the Cation.

We present a comprehensive femtosecond (fs) transient absorption study of the [Ge(Hyp)] (Hyp = Si(SiMe)) cluster solvated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with special emphasis on intra- and intermolecular charge transfer mechanisms which can be tuned by exchange of the counterion and by dimerization of the cluster. The examination of the visible and the near infrared (NIR) spectral range reveals four different processes of cluster dynamics after UV (267/258 nm) photoexcitation related to charge transfer to solvent and localized excited states in the cluster. The resulting transient absorption is mainly observed in the NIR region.