Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of screening and intervention for co-use of opioid medications and alcohol among community pharmacy patients.

Introduction: A significant risk for overdose among patients prescribed opioid medications is co-use of alcohol. Community pharmacies are underutilized as a resource to prevent and address co-use. The barriers and facilitators that promote or impede the adoption of universal alcohol screening and intervention at point of opioid medication dispensing are unknown.

Metagenomic study of lake microbial mats reveals protease-inhibiting antiviral peptides from a core microbiome member.

In contrast to the large body of work on bioactive natural products from individually cultivated bacteria, the chemistry of environmental microbial communities remains largely elusive. Here, we present a comprehensive bioinformatic and functional study on a complex and interaction-rich ecosystem, algal-bacterial (microbial) mats of Lake Chilika in India, Asia's largest brackish water body. We report the bacterial compositional dynamics over the mat life cycle, >1,300 reconstructed environmental genomes harboring >2,200 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), the successful cultivation of a widespread core microbiome member belonging to the genus , heterologous reconstitution of two silent biosynthetic pathways, and new compounds with potent protease inhibitory and antiviral activities.

The Novel Lipid Emulsion Vegaven Is Well Tolerated and Elicits Distinct Biological Actions Compared With a Mixed-Oil Lipid Emulsion Containing Fish Oil: A Parenteral Nutrition Trial in Piglets.

Background: Vegaven is a novel lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition (PN) based on 18-carbon n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, which elicits liver protection via interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the murine model of PN.

Objectives: In a preclinical model of PN in neonatal piglets, Vegaven was tested for efficacy and safety and compared with a mixed-oil lipid emulsion containing fish oil (SMOFlipid).

Methods: Male piglets 4-5 d old were randomly allocated to isocaloric isonitrogenous PN for 14 d, which varied only by the type of lipid emulsion (Vegaven, n = 8; SMOFlipid, n = 8).

Effects of burning on vegetation, soil physicochemistry and prokaryotic microbial communities in surface and subsurface peat.

Prescribed burning is a common management strategy in peatlands that has the potential to affect soil physicochemistry, alter biogeochemical cycles and trigger changes in vegetation structure. How burning affects prokaryotic community composition across different soil profiles is not well understood. This study explored the effects of prescribed burning on the diversity of prokaryotic communities in peat soils.