Non-detection of emerging and re-emerging pathogens in wastewater surveillance to confirm absence of transmission risk: A case study of polio in New York.

Infectious disease surveillance systems, including wastewater surveillance, can alert communities to the threat of emerging pathogens. We need methods to infer understanding of transmission dynamics from non-detection. We estimate a sensitivity of detection of poliovirus in wastewater to inform the sensitivity of wastewater surveillance for poliovirus using both a clinical epidemiology and fecal shedding approach.

Towards a histological diagnosis of childhood small vessel CNS vasculitis.

Background: Primary small vessel CNS vasculitis (sv-cPACNS) is a challenging inflammatory brain disease in children. Brain biopsy is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. This study aims to develop and validate a histological scoring tool for diagnosing small vessel CNS vasculitis.

Injury Severity Score Precision for Determining Undertriage in Trauma Consultation Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives Because the Injury Severity Score (ISS) has not been fully endorsed for determining trauma undertriage, we investigated its precision. This study aimed to 1) compute undertriage proportions using the Peng and Cribari methods; 2) compare risk conditions and outcomes for patients with ISS ≥16 who were classified according to an activation or consultation status; 3) calculate proportions of patients with ISS ≥16, without and with qualifications (death or increased length of stay), as potential categories for assessing undertriage in trauma consultation patients; and 4) compute the undertriage proportion among trauma consultation patients by using an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)-Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS)-ISS categorization method and employing targeted electronic medical record audits (EMRA). Methodology Age, ISS, GCS, activation status (full, partial, or consultation), injury mechanism, death, intensive care stay, and hospital stay were obtained from the trauma registry.

DISTANT RIBOSE 2'-O-METHYLATION OF 23S rRNA HELIX 69 PRE-ORDERS THE CAPREOMYCIN DRUG BINDING POCKET AT THE RIBOSOME SUBUNIT INTERFACE.

Loss of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications incorporated by the intrinsic methyltransferase TlyA results in reduced sensitivity to tuberactinomycin antibiotics such as capreomycin. However, the mechanism by which rRNA methylation alters drug binding, particularly at the distant but functionally more important site in 23S rRNA Helix 69 (H69), is currently unknown. We determined high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of the 70S ribosome with or without the two ribose 2'-O-methyl modifications incorporated by TlyA.

Associations of Age, Preinjury Morbidity, Injury Severity, and Cognitive Impairment With Mortality and Length of Stay in Trauma Consultation Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background To the best of our knowledge, we have found no trauma consultation study investigating Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16, Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), age, preexisting medical conditions (PEMC), and smoking as risk conditions for mortality. Objective We aimed to assess ISS ≥16 and other postinjury and preinjury conditions for associations with death and adverse outcomes (AO). Methodology Consecutive consultations of patients admitted to a trauma center over 18 months were investigated.