Beyond the Bench: Contextualizing the Impacts of Char Redox Properties on Biogeochemical Cycling and Microbial Ecosystem Services.

The electrochemical properties of chars have been recently described, positioning chars as active participants in microbial redox processes through functional groups, aromatic structures, redox-active metals, and radicals. While bench-scale studies have advanced mechanistic understanding of char's behavior and potential effects, translating these findings to complex ecosystems remains challenging. This is mainly due to the complexities of microbial communities and the unique properties of various ecosystems.

Target cell tension regulates macrophage trogocytosis.

Macrophages are known to engulf small membrane fragments, or trogocytose, target cells and pathogens, rather than fully phagocytose them. However, little is known about what causes macrophages to choose trogocytosis versus phagocytosis. Here, we report that cortical tension of target cells is a key regulator of macrophage trogocytosis.

A context-based model of collaborative inhibition during memory search.

Contrary to common intuition, a group of people recalling information together remembers less than the same number of individuals recalling alone (i.e., the collaborative inhibition effect).