Methylation of foreign DNA overcomes the restriction barrier of and allows efficient genetic manipulation.

Unlabelled: causes bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD) in salmonids and other fish, resulting in substantial economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. The mechanisms uses to cause disease are poorly understood. Despite considerable effort, most strains of have resisted attempts at genetic manipulation.

Glial Biologist's Guide to Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics: A Tutorial From Sample Preparation to Data Analysis.

Neurological diseases are associated with disruptions in the brain lipidome that are becoming central to disease pathogenesis. Traditionally perceived as static structural support in membranes, lipids are now known to be actively involved in cellular signaling, energy metabolism, and other cellular activities involving membrane curvature, fluidity, fusion or fission. Glia are critical in the development, health, and function of the brain, and glial regulation plays a major role in disease.

Look above the IRP: predicting abnormal confirmatory testing in patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction.

Background: Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is a manometric diagnosis based on Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CC4.0) that requires confirmatory testing for clinical relevancy.

Beyond awareness: the binding of reflexive mechanisms with the conscious mind: a perspective from default space theory.

How do reflexes operate so quickly with so much multimodal information on the environment? How might unconscious processes help reveal the nature of consciousness? The Default Space Theory of Consciousness (DST) offers a novel way to interpret these questions by describing how sensory inputs, cognitive functions, emotional states, and unconscious processes are integrated by a single unified internal representation. Recent developments in neuroimaging and electrophysiology, such as fMRI, EEG, and MEG, have improved our knowledge of the brain mechanisms that underpin the conscious mind and have highlighted the importance of neural oscillations and sensory integration in its formation. In this article, we put forth a perspective on an underresearched relationship of reflexes with the dynamic character of consciousness and suggest that future research should focus on the interplay of the unconscious processes of reflexes and correlates of the contents of consciousness to better understand its nature.

Predictors of persistent symptoms in eosinophilic esophagitis after remission: fibrostenosis, eosinophilia, anxiety, and depression.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory esophageal disorder, often associated with dysphagia, chest discomfort, and heartburn. There is limited information on persistent esophageal symptoms despite histologic remission (HR). We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of persistent esophageal symptoms in adult patients with EoE in HR.