Lack of fibro-inflammatory response in human mammary adipose tissue in obesity.

Background: Understanding how obesity impacts human mammary adipose tissue (MAT) biology is crucial for deciphering its role in mammary epithelium during both physiological and pathophysiological processes, including breast cancer. Hypertrophic mammary adipocytes and Crown-Like Structures are present in MAT of patients with obesity but whether these changes initiate a fibro-inflammatory response at the tissue level remains insufficiently explored.

Objective: We investigated the markers of adipose tissue dysfunction (immune cell infiltration, secretion pattern and fibrosis) in tumor-free MAT of patients with obesity versus patients who are lean.

Tumor-associated macrophages confer resistance to chemotherapy (Trifluridine/Tipiracil) in digestive cancers by overexpressing thymidine phosphorylase.

Pyrimidine analogs are part of the first-line chemotherapy regimen for gastrointestinal cancers. Trifluridine combined with tipiracil, a specific thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, in TAS-102 has recently emerged as a potential alternative in the face of primary or secondary chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil. Despite its promise, we report that macrophage-specific overexpression of thymidine phosphorylase results in macrophage-induced chemoresistance to TAS-102 that is insensitive to tipiracil inhibition.

Evaluation of the Humoral Response after Immunization with a Chimeric Subunit Vaccine against Shiga Toxin-Producing in Pregnant Sows and Their Offspring.

Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) poses a significant public health risk due to its zoonotic potential and association with severe human diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Ruminants are recognized as primary reservoirs for STEC, but swine also contribute to the epidemiology of this pathogen, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies across species. Notably, a subgroup of STEC that produces Shiga toxin type 2e (Stx2e) causes edema disease (ED) in newborn piglets, economically affecting pig production.

Distribution of and Variants among Genotypes: Association with Major Extraintestinal Pathogenic Lineages.

The pyelonephritis-associated fimbria (P fimbria) is one of the most recognized adhesion determinants of extraintestinal pathogenic strains (ExPECs). Twelve variants have been described for the gene encoding the P fimbria major structural subunit PapA and three variants for the gene encoding the adhesin subunit PapG. However, their distribution among the ExPEC diversity has not been comprehensively addressed.