Population-Based Study of Emergence and Spread of Escherichia coli Producing OXA-48-Like Carbapenemases, Israel, 2007-2023.

Escherichia coli producing OXA-48-like carbapenemases (OXA-EC) is considered a high-risk pathogen spread primarily in the community in low- and middle-income countries and nosocomially in high-income countries. We investigated the emergence and spread of OXA-EC in Israel, a high-income country with strong carbapenemase-directed infection control in healthcare institutions, by conducting a population-based study using data and isolates from the national surveillance system. A total of 3,510 incident cases of OXA-EC occurred during 2007-2023.

The Natural History of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales: Progression From Carriage of Various Carbapenemases to Bloodstream Infection.

Background: Little is known about the risk of progression from carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) carriage to CPE bloodstream infection (BSI) outside of high-risk settings. We aimed to determine the incidence of CPE BSI among CPE carriers and to assess whether the incidence differs by carbapenemase, species, and setting.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study using national databases.

Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for real-time outbreak investigation of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli.

Background: Efficient infection control during carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales outbreaks demands rapid and simple techniques for outbreak investigations. WGS, the current gold standard for outbreak identification, is expensive, time-consuming and requires a high level of expertise. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (IR Biotyper) is a rapid typing method based on infrared radiation applied to samples, which provides a highly specific absorption spectrum.

Immunohistochemical characterisation of the immune landscape in primary uveal melanoma and liver metastases.

Background: The immune landscape of uveal melanoma liver metastases (UMLM) has not been sufficiently studied.

Methods: Immune cell infiltrates (ICIs), PD-1 and PD-L1 were characterised in 62 UMLM and 28 primary uveal melanomas (PUM). ICI, PD-1 and PD-L1 were scored as: (1) % tumoral area occupied by tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes or macrophages (TILs, TIMs) and (2) % perTumoral (perT) area.

Hematogenous metastasis and tumor dormancy as concepts or dogma? The continuum of vessel co-option and angiotropic extravascular migratory metastasis as an alternative.

It has been accepted for many years that tumor cells spread the circulation to distant sites. The latency period between treatment and tumor recurrence has been attributed to dormant cells in distant organs that emerge and grow as metastatic tumors. These processes are accepted with an incomplete demonstration of their existence.