Developmental Mismatch Across Brain Modalities in Young Children.

Brain development during the preschool period is complex and extensive and underlies ongoing behavioral and cognitive maturation. Increasing understanding of typical brain maturation during this time is critical to early identification of atypical development and could inform treatments and interventions. Previous studies have suggested mismatches between brain structural and functional development in later childhood and adolescence.

Evaluation of the Association Between Prenatal Cannabis Use and Risk of Developmental Delay.

Objective: Conflicting results have arisen regarding the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and risk of parent-reported developmental delay in infancy. In certain instances, this literature has become outdated or failed to adjust for confounding variables. The current study aimed to determine if prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with a greater likelihood of risk of parent-reported developmental delay at 12 months of age in a contemporary cohort, while adjusting for common confounding variables.

Maternal concentrations of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and alterations in white matter microstructure in the developing brains of young children.

Background: Maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to child neurodevelopmental difficulties. Neuroimaging research has linked these neurodevelopmental difficulties to white matter microstructure alterations, but the effects of PFAS on children's white matter microstructure remains unclear. We investigated associations between maternal blood concentrations of six common perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and white matter alterations in young children using longitudinal neuroimaging data.