[Social workers and the confidentiality in pediatric emergencies].

Social workers are subject to professional secrecy as well as other actors involved in prevention and healthcare. In paediatric emergencies in particular, it is a key partner for the medical and healthcare team. If family support requires information sharing, it is restricted to what is necessary for treatment.

Evolution of axis specification mechanisms in jawed vertebrates: insights from a chondrichthyan.

The genetic mechanisms that control the establishment of early polarities and their link with embryonic axis specification and patterning seem to substantially diverge across vertebrates. In amphibians and teleosts, the establishment of an early dorso-ventral polarity determines both the site of axis formation and its rostro-caudal orientation. In contrast, amniotes retain a considerable plasticity for their site of axis formation until blastula stages and rely on signals secreted by extraembryonic tissues, which have no clear equivalents in the former, for the establishment of their rostro-caudal pattern.

Identification of the mammalian Not gene via a phylogenomic approach.

Despite the great morphological diversity of early embryos, the underlying mechanisms of gastrulation are known to be broadly conserved in vertebrates. However, a number of genes characterized as fulfilling an essential function in this process in several model organisms display no clear ortholog in mammalian genomes. We have devised an in silico phylogenomic approach, based on exhaustive similarity searches in vertebrate genomes and subsequent bayesian phylogenetic analyses, to identify such missing genes, presumed to be highly divergent.

The mammalian Crx genes are highly divergent representatives of the Otx5 gene family, a gnathostome orthology class of orthodenticle-related homeogenes involved in the differentiation of retinal photoreceptors and circadian entrainment.

The mammalian Crx genes are highly divergent orthodenticle (otd)-related homeogenes that play important roles in the differentiation of retinal photoreceptors and the circadian entrainment. However, their evolutionary origin and orthological relationships with other otd-related genes remain unclear. An orthology relationship of these genes with the highly conserved Otx5 genes identified in fish and amphibians, and also expressed in the eye and epiphysis, has been proposed previously but remains controversial.

Embryonic expression of Tbx1, a DiGeorge syndrome candidate gene, in the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis.

We report the embryonic expression in the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis of Tbx1, the main candidate gene involved in DiGeorge/velo-cardio-facial syndrome (DGS/VCFS). From the end of neurulation to stage 26, Tbx1 becomes progressively expressed in all developing pharyngeal arches, as they form. Transcripts are mainly restricted to the mesodermal core and to the posterior pharyngeal endoderm, excluding ingressing neural crest cells.