Particle size of straw and gelation of pectin influence gastric mixing and emptying in pigs.

Physicochemical properties of fibres can strongly impact gastric processes such as emptying and sieving. This study evaluated the influence of particle size of insoluble fibres, and gelation of soluble fibres when added to insoluble fibres, on gastric emptying of digesta phases from the proximal and distal stomach of pigs. Twenty-four boars (51.

Particle size of insoluble fibres and gelation of soluble fibres influence digesta passage rate throughout the gastrointestinal tract of finishing pigs.

Fibres, as abundant in agricultural by-products, exhibit a large range of physicochemical properties that can influence digestive processes such as digesta mean retention time (MRT), thereby affecting nutrient digestion kinetics. In this study, we investigated the effects of particle size of insoluble fibres, and gelation of soluble fibres on MRT of liquids, fine solids, and fibrous particles in the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Twenty-four boars (51.

Structural brain substrates of the deficits observed on the BEARNI test in alcohol use disorder and Korsakoff's syndrome.

Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption can result in alcohol use disorder (AUD) without neurological complications and in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) when combined with thiamine deficiency. These two clinical forms are accompanied by widespread structural brain damage in both the fronto-cerebellar (FCC) and Papez circuits (PC) as well as in the parietal cortex, resulting in cognitive and motor deficits. BEARNI is a screening tool especially designed to detect neuropsychological impairments in AUD.

Early Identification of Alcohol Use Disorder Patients at Risk of Developing Korsakoff's Syndrome.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine whether the Brief Evaluation of Alcohol-Related Neuropsychological Impairments (BEARNI), a screening tool developed to identify neuropsychological deficits in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, can also be used for the early identification of AUD patients at risk of developing Korsakoff's syndrome (KS).

Methods: Eighteen KS patients, 47 AUD patients and 27 healthy controls underwent BEARNI testing (including 5 subtests targeting episodic memory, working memory, executive function, visuospatial abilities, and ataxia) and a comprehensive neuropsychological examination.

Results: Performance of AUD and KS patients on BEARNI subtests was consistent with the results on the standardized neuropsychological assessment.

Lactose and Digestible Maltodextrin in Milk Replacers Differently Affect Energy Metabolism and Substrate Oxidation: A Calorimetric Study in Piglets.

Background: In recent years, lactose-free infant formulas have been increasingly used. Digestible maltodextrins are commonly used as a substitute for lactose in these formulas, but the effects on energy metabolism are unknown.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the differences in energy metabolism and substrate oxidation in piglets fed milk replacers containing lactose compared with maltodextrin as the only source of carbohydrates.