Phylogenetic and Morphological Analyses Reveal Twelve New Species of the Genus (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico.

species are widely distributed in terrestrial and marine habitats and are saprobes growing on decaying wood, stems, or bark. However, studies on this genus in Mexico are limited, and only the type species Fr. has been cited.

Mid-term outcomes of talar neck trapezoidal osteotomy for correction of severe rigid neurologic equinovarus foot.

Background: Severe rigid neurologic equinovarus foot (NEVF) deformity, though rare, significantly limits transfers and orthotic use in pediatric patients with neurological disorders. Standard treatments like arthrodesis or talectomy are highly invasive, especially in young patients. This study assesses the mid-term outcomes of a talar neck trapezoidal osteotomy (TNTO) to correct severe NEVF in non-ambulatory patients.

Typical development of synaptic and neuronal properties can proceed without microglia in the cortex and thalamus.

Brain-resident macrophages, microglia, have been proposed to have an active role in synaptic refinement and maturation, influencing plasticity and circuit-level connectivity. Here we show that several neurodevelopmental processes previously attributed to microglia can proceed without them. Using a genetically modified mouse that lacks microglia (Csf1r), we find that intrinsic properties, synapse number and synaptic maturation are largely normal in the hippocampal CA1 region and somatosensory cortex at stages where microglia have been implicated.

Protocol for identifying sound-activated neurons in the inferior colliculus by cFos immunostaining.

cfos is an immediate early gene commonly used to identify neuronal activation. After loud sound stimulation, neurons in the inferior colliculus are activated and cFos is expressed in the nucleus. Here, we present a protocol for quantifying neuronal activity in response to auditory stimulation using cFos immunostaining in the mouse inferior colliculus.

Three New Species of Mytilinidioid Fungi (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico.

Mytilinidioid fungi are conchiform in nature, with the appearance of bivalve shells or wedge-shaped, rigid, brittle, and carbonaceous hysterothecia growing on the bark of gymnosperms or angiosperms. Based on their morphological characteristics and molecular markers ( and ), this study describes three new species of mytilinidioid fungi: of the family Hysteriaceae of the order Hysteriales and and of the family Mytilinidiaceae of the order Mytilinidiales. The first species grows on , the second species grows on , and the third species grows on subsp.