Reducing dermal exposure to agrochemical carcinogens using a fluorescent dye-based intervention among subsistence farmers in rural Honduras.

Background: Occupational exposure to agrochemicals, some of which are known or suspected carcinogens, is a major health hazard for subsistence agricultural workers and their families. These impacts are more prevalent in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) due to weak regulations, lack of awareness of the risks of contamination, predominant use of handheld backpack style spraying equipment, general lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), and low literacy about proper agrochemical application techniques. Reducing exposure to agrochemicals was identified as a paramount concern by rural Hondurans working with a community-engaged research initiative.

Assessing Mental Health Concerns of Spanish-Speaking Dairy Farm Workers.

: Hispanic dairy farm workers have risk factors for mental health concerns. There is insufficient study of their mental health needs.: We conducted focus groups at five farms.

Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder in pediatric patients: a systematic review and data analysis of the world literature.

Background: Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder is exceedingly rare in pediatric patients. Limited data are available to guide management in this population.

Methods: The authors systematically searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar (through February 2019) for case reports and series to summarize data regarding presentation, evaluation, management, and follow-up for patients ≤ 18 years diagnosed with UCC of the bladder.

Role of Common γ-Chain Cytokines in Lung Interleukin-22 Regulation after Acute Exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus.

Humans are constantly exposed to the opportunistic mold , and disease caused by this pathogen is often determined by the magnitude of local and systemic immune responses. We have previously shown a protective role for interleukin-22 (IL-22) after acute exposure. Here, employing IL-22 R26R reporter mice, we identified iNKT cells, γδ T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) as lung cell sources of IL-22 in response to acute exposure.

The common γ-chain cytokine IL-7 promotes immunopathogenesis during fungal asthma.

Asthmatics sensitized to fungi are reported to have more severe asthma, yet the immunopathogenic pathways contributing to this severity have not been identified. In a pilot assessment of human asthmatics, those subjects sensitized to fungi demonstrated elevated levels of the common γ-chain cytokine IL-7 in lung lavage fluid, which negatively correlated with the lung function measurement PC20. Subsequently, we show that IL-7 administration during experimental fungal asthma worsened lung function and increased the levels of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), proallergic chemokines (CCL17, CCL22) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β).