Quality by design enabled the development of stable and effective oil-in-water emulsions at compounding pharmacy: the case of a sunscreen formulation.

It is widely accepted that the use of topical sunscreens has medical importance with potential to prevent skin damage by protecting from solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) effects. Pharmaceutical emulsions require an optimal qualitative and quantitative combination of emollients, emulsifiers and others compounds such as softening agents and, for sunscreens, a combination of chemical and physical UV filters. Herein, we applied the quality by design (QbD) concept to achieve stable and effective compounded sunscreen emulsions.

Upper Lip Fat Grafting Using the Anatomical Subunit and Fat Compartment Principles Improves Lip Cant and Symmetry in Patients With Unilateral Upper Lip Asymmetries.

Background: Fat grafting is a widely adopted method for reconstructing upper lip asymmetries. However, most surgical techniques are difficult to reproduce, and none follow anatomical principles.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of upper lip contour asymmetry and lip cant correction by anatomical upper lip fat grafting using the subunit and fat compartment principles.

Outcomes of Surgical Management of Palatal Fistulae in Patients With Repaired Cleft Palate.

Background: The palatal fistula is an important surgical challenge within the longitudinal follow-up of patients with repaired cleft palate as the success rate of palatal fistula reconstruction by adopting several surgical techniques is variable and often unsatisfactory. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the clinical outcomes of an algorithm for the surgical management of palatal fistulae in patients with repaired cleft palate.

Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 101) with repaired cleft palate and palatal fistula-related symptoms who were treated according to a specific algorithm between 2009 and 2017 were included.

Predictors of Speech Outcome in Posterior Pharyngeal Fat Graft Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Management.

Background: The identification of variables potentially correlated with speech outcome, following posterior pharyngeal fat grafting for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), can provide useful information to guide decision-making and preoperative counseling. This study assessed the predictors of speech outcome after posterior pharyngeal fat grafting for VPI management.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven consecutive patients with repaired cleft palate and VPI who underwent posterior pharyngeal fat grafting were retrospectively enrolled.