Neonatal clinical examination and selective ultrasound screening are not reliable for the early diagnosis of hip dysplasia: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To compare the incidence, clinical features and timing of initial treatment of early- and later-presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infancy in the context of a risk-based selective ultrasound screening programme.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of infants born at a tertiary perinatal centre in Melbourne, Australia, between July 2016 and June 2020 and treated for DDH up to 18 months of age at a tertiary paediatric centre. The incidence of DDH was calculated for early- and later-presenting cases.

Hepatitis C elimination in Myanmar: Modelling the impact, cost, cost-effectiveness and economic benefits.

Background: Myanmar has set national hepatitis C (HCV) targets to achieve 50% of people diagnosed and 50% treated by 2030. The WHO has additional targets of reducing incidence by 80% and mortality by 65% by 2030. We aimed to estimate the impact, cost, cost-effectiveness and net economic benefit of achieving these targets.

Effect of Bias Gas Flow on Tracheal Cytokine Concentrations in Ventilated Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether ventilator bias gas flow affects tracheal aspirate (TA) cytokine concentrations in ventilated extremely preterm infants.

Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary neonatal unit in New Zealand. Preterm infants (<28 weeks' gestation/<1,000 g) requiring intubation in the first 7 days after birth were randomized to bias gas flows of 4 or 10 L/min.

Changed ophthalmic workload following introduction of digital retinal photography for retinopathy of prematurity screening.

Background: ROP screening is vital in care of premature infants but is considered burdensome, difficult and time consuming for ophthalmologists. This study assessed the reduction in workload following the introduction of nurse-led WFDRI to a large neonatal nursery.

Methods: We report a retrospective audit of 628 infants screened for ROP in the years 2010, 2013 and 2019 at the Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria.

Early-onset vitamin B-dependent epilepsy due to pathogenic variants in a premature infant: A case report and review of the literature.

Vitamin B-dependent epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by decreased availability of the active cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP). While pathogenic variants in or genes account for most cases of these disorders, biallelic pathogenic variants in have been shown to cause a form of early onset vitamin B-dependent epilepsy (EPVB6D). PLPBP is thought to play a role in the homeostatic regulation of vitamin B, by supplying PLP to apoenzymes while limiting side-reaction toxicity related to excess unbound PLP.