An Evaluation of Racial Diversity in Craniofacial Surgery Literature.

Implicit bias can lead to discrimination of certain populations within healthcare. Representation in medical literature is no exception and it is hypothesized that images with lighter skin tone are more prevalent than darker skin tones in craniofacial literature. Clinical photographs and figure graphics from 5 journals were examined for pre-defined years.

Resident experiences with virtual education during the COVID-19 crisis.

Background: Residency education has adapted to current social distancing recommendations by relying heavily on videoconferences. There is concern however, that this new paradigm may lead to over-saturation or burnout.

Methods: A 12-question survey investigating resident experiences with educational videoconferences was distributed to University of Washington plastic surgery residents.

A Review of Hand Feminization and Masculinization Techniques in Gender Affirming Therapy.

Introduction: Anatomical characteristics that are incongruent with an individual's gender identity can cause significant gender dysphoria. Hands exhibit prominent dimorphic sexual features, but despite their visibility, there are limited studies examining gender affirming procedures for the hands. This review is intended to cover the anatomical features that define masculine and feminine hands, the surgical and non-surgical approaches for feminization and masculinization of the hand, and to adapt established aesthetic hand techniques for gender affirming care.