Caution in Handling Switchers in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies Estimating Treatment Effects: The Example of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Real-world evidence assessing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i)'s risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is conflicting. One study modelling DPP4i as a time varying exposure (TVE) observed a harmful effect in a UK population, while an active-comparator new-user (ACNU) study observed a null effect in a US population. To assess the impact of study design in estimating treatment effect, we implemented both designs in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink population from 2007-2022.

Making scents of mosquito repellents.

Mosquitoes transmit deadly diseases. Chemical repellents deter mosquitoes from approaching or biting a human host and are an effective behavior-based method of personal protection. However, the current standards for selecting repellents often disregard their mode of action.

Patient-specific coronary angioplasty simulations - A mixed-dimensional finite element modeling approach.

Coronary angioplasty with stent implantation is the most frequently used interventional treatment for coronary artery disease. However, reocclusion within the stent, referred to as in-stent restenosis, occurs in up to 10% of lesions. It is widely accepted that mechanical loads on the vessel wall strongly affect adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms.

End-of-life health literacy, knowledge and behaviours towards advance care planning among older adults: cross-sectional evidence from Switzerland.

Introduction: Population ageing, technological advancements and an increasing emphasis on patient empowerment imply that individuals are increasingly confronted with intricate end-of-life decisions. Personal end-of-life health literacy skills may help empower individuals to participate more actively in their own end-of-life decisions, including engagement in advance care planning (ACP). This study thus investigates the associations between individuals' end-of-life health literacy and their knowledge and behaviours toward ACP among a population-based sample of adults aged 58+ years in Switzerland.

From RAGs to riches: Utilizing large language models to write documents for clinical trials.

Background/aims: Clinical trials require numerous documents to be written: Protocols, consent forms, clinical study reports, and many others. Large language models offer the potential to rapidly generate first-draft versions of these documents; however, there are concerns about the quality of their output. Here, we report an evaluation of how good large language models are at generating sections of one such document, clinical trial protocols.