Toxinotyping of strains isolated from broiler flocks with necrotic enteritis and evaluation of the effect of toxins on Leghorn Male Hepatoma cells.

Background: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an economically important disease, caused by type G strains, and is one of the major targets of antibiotics used in poultry feed.

Aims: This study aimed to genotypically characterize virulent strains of isolated from healthy and diseased birds in Iran.

Methods: Eleven isolates were derived from necrotic enteritis cases, and 27 were from healthy chickens.

Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-derived structures made up of one or more different molecules with the ability to self-assemble, mimicking the form and size of a virus particle but lacking the genetic material so they are not capable of infecting the host cell. Expression and self-assembly of the viral structural proteins can take place in various living or cell-free expression systems after which the viral structures can be assembled and reconstructed. VLPs are gaining in popularity in the field of preventive medicine and to date, a wide range of VLP-based candidate vaccines have been developed for immunization against various infectious agents, the latest of which is the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the efficacy of which is being evaluated.

Correction to: CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Immunization with oral and parenteral subunit chimeric vaccine candidate confers protection against Necrotic Enteritis in chickens.

Following the ban on the use of in-feed antimicrobials, necrotic enteritis (NE) NE is the most important clostridial disease. Vaccination has been considered as a possible approach to prevent NE. Our previous study showed that a chimeric protein product consisting of antigenic epitopes of NetB, Alpha-toxin and Zinc metallopeptidase (Zmp) triggered immune response against C.

CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases.

Interest in CRISPR technology, an instrumental component of prokaryotic adaptive immunity which enables prokaryotes to detect any foreign DNA and then destroy it, has gained popularity among members of the scientific community. This is due to CRISPR's remarkable gene editing and cleaving abilities. While the application of CRISPR in human genome editing and diagnosis needs to be researched more fully, and any potential side effects or ambiguities resolved, CRISPR has already shown its capacity in an astonishing variety of applications related to genome editing and genetic engineering.