Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: How to minimise renal ischaemia.

Renal ischaemia research has shown an increase in renal damage proportional to ischaemic time. Therefore, we assessed the importance of renal ischaemic times for warm and cold ischaemia approaches, and explored the different surgical techniques that can help to minimise renal ischaemia in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Minimising renal ischaemia during nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is a key factor in preserving postoperative renal function.

Management of non-muscle-invasive (superficial) bladder cancer.

Non-muscle-invasive (superficial) bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents 80% of incident cases of bladder cancer, and is characterized by a generally good prognosis, with a tendency to remain localized. Only 10%-20% of cases progress to invasion and/or metastasis. The biggest problem in management is the potential for local recurrence, and this will occur with relatively predictable prognostic determinants.