External Validation of the Walter Index for Posthospitalization Mortality Prediction in Older Adults.

Importance: The Walter Index is a widely used prognostic tool for assessing 12-month mortality risk among hospitalized older adults. Developed in the US in 2001, its accuracy in contemporary non-US contexts is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the external validity of the Walter Index in predicting posthospitalization mortality risk in Brazilian older adult inpatients.

Beyond sleep: Rest and activity rhythm as a marker of preclinical and mild dementia in older adults with less education.

Background: Although sleep duration and sleep-related breathing disorders were associated with dementia previously, few studies examined the association between circadian rhythm association and cognitive status.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of rest and activity rhythm with cognitive performance in older people with cognitive complaints and less education.

Methods: Activity rhythm was evaluated with wrist actigraphy in 109 community-dwelling older people with cognitive complaints without diagnosed dementia.

Serum folate levels, but not vitamin B12, are associated with slower progression in carotid intima-media thickness in a population exposed to mandatory folic acid fortification.

Background&aims: Folate and vitamin B12 are vitamins involved in one carbon metabolism. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a non-invasive test and an early atherosclerosis marker. The relationship between these vitamins and cIMT is not well established.

Hypertension may associate with cerebral small vessel disease and infarcts through the pathway of intracranial atherosclerosis.

Hypertension, a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is linked to late-life neurocognitive disorders such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study explores the associations between hypertension, intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) in a large community-based autopsy study. This cross-sectional study used data from the Biobank for Aging Studies of the University of São Paulo Medical School.

Leisure-time physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults - The ELSA-Brasil study.

Objectives: Dementia is a fast-growing public health problem. This study examined the association of physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) with the risk of cognitive impairment.

Study Design: Multicentric, prospective cohort study.