Internal transcribed spacer (ITS): The powerful DNA barcode and phylogenetic marker for successful authentication of Withania somnifera.

Background: Understanding the evolutionary history of plants and accurately identifying biologically important species and their families is crucial for the herbal and Ayurvedic industries. The genetic approach by DNA barcoding plays a pivotal role in accurate species identification, authentication and quality control. Due to various therapeutic properties, Withania somnifera has been used worldwide in traditional systems of medicine for centuries including Ayurveda and Unani.

Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Understanding disease mechanisms, their correlation, and promising dual activity of selected herbs.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: This review explores the link between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). It emphasizes the shared pathophysiological links and mechanisms between the two conditions, focusing on reduced insulin levels and receptors, impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative damage in AD-affected brains-paralleling aspects of T2DM. The review suggests AD as a "diabetes of the brain," supported by cognitive enhancement through antidiabetic interventions.

Comprehensive insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology, current therapies and herbal alternatives for effective disease management.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by immune response overexpression, causing pain and swelling in the synovial joints. This condition is caused by auto-reactive antibodies that attack self-antigens due to their incapacity to distinguish between self and foreign molecules. Dysregulated activity within numerous signalling and immunological pathways supports the disease's development and progression, elevating its complexity.

N-Methylneolitsine as a new and potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor of Linn. aerial parts: bioassay-guided isolation and quantitative densitometric analysis.

The rising geriatric population is expected to increase the demand for drugs treating neurodegenerative diseases. The present work is aimed to discover acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from Linn. aerial parts ().