Child Opportunity Index at Birth and Asthma with Recurrent Exacerbations in the U.S. ECHO Program.

Background: Environmental exposures and social determinants likely influence specific childhood asthma phenotypes.

Objective: We hypothesized that the Child Opportunity Index (COI) at birth, measuring multiple neighborhood opportunities, influences incidence rates (IRs) for asthma with recurrent exacerbations (ARE).

Methods: We tested for COI associations with ARE incidence rates in 15,877 children born between 1990-2018 in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.

Spatially Enhanced Electrostatic Doping in Graphene Realized via Heterointerfacial Precipitated Metals.

Forming heavily-doped regions in 2D materials, like graphene, is a steppingstone to the design of emergent devices and heterostructures. Here, a selective-area approach is presented to tune the work-function and carrier density in monolayer graphene by spatially synthesizing sub-monolayer gallium beneath the 2D-solid. The localized metallic gallium is formed via precipitation from an underlying diamond-like carbon (DLC) film that is spatially implanted with gallium-ions.

Legitimacy, Belonging and Engagement: A Qualitative Exploration of Safe Learning Spaces in a South African University.

Introduction: The term 'safe learning space' is commonly used in health professions education, but its use can be ambiguous and is often misconstrued. Considering historical and societal disparities, safety cannot be a universal experience. This study explored students' personal experiences of 'safe spaces' in a South African university to contribute to a contextually grounded understanding that supports meaningful learning.

Tunable and Degradable Dynamic Thermosets from Compatibilized Polyhydroxyalkanoate Blends.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are versatile, biobased polyesters that are often targeted for use as degradable thermoplastic replacements for polyolefins. Given the substantial chemical diversity of PHA, their potential as cross-linked polymers could also enable similar platforms for reversible, degradable thermosets. In this work, we genetically engineered KT2440 to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate--3-hydroxyundecenoate) (PHBU), which contains both 3-hydroxybutyrate and unsaturated 3-hydroxyundecenoate components.

Examining perinatal health inequities: The role of disability and risk of adverse outcomes through the U.S. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

Objective: To examine pre-pregnancy characteristics, pregnancy complications, and birth outcomes among respondents with self-reported disability compared to those without disability.

Methods: A cross-sectional weighted sample of 2,006,700 respondents with singleton live births who participated in the United States Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) between 2018 and 2021 provided data on disability, including difficulty in vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, communication, and self-care. We estimated covariate-adjusted odds of differences in pre-pregnancy chronic health conditions, pregnancy intention, intimate partner violence (IPV), depression, adequacy of prenatal care, pregnancy-related health conditions, and birth outcomes by disability status.