Quantitative risk assessment of FMDV introduction in a FMD free country through bone-in beef and offal importation from a FMD free with vaccination country/zone.

Quantitative risk assessment was used to estimate the risk of introducing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) through bone-in beef from Argentina (FMD-free with vaccination status) into other FMD-free countries. A stochastic model was built to characterize all the steps from primary production to bone-in beef export and introduction into an FMD-free country. The probability that bone-in beef from at least one animal infected with the FMD virus (FMDV) was exported during a year was 5.

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with HIV.

Objectives: To assess whether women with HIV who had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) on cytology had cervical disease.

Methods: The present retrospective cross-sectional study included data from women with LSIL who attended a tertiary hospital in South Africa between April 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Patient information was extracted from a colposcopy database.

Implementation of an HACCP model in foot and mouth disease control programmes.

The organisation and structure of the official Veterinary Services (OVS) are designed to meet a specific aim--the health certification of animal health, welfare and food safety in the production and processing stage. Disease prevention and control calls for programmes and projects that, depending on the characteristics of each disease, may involve any branch of the OVS, from the laboratory to field activities. For the purpose of this work, the model used is that of a country that is 'free from foot and mouth disease with vaccination' in accordance with the conditions stipulated in Chapter 8.

Effect of 2 referral intervals on diagnostic discordance between cytology and histology at a colposcopy clinic.

Objective: To determine the effect of the time interval between cervical cytology screening and histology at treatment on grade of cervical disease.

Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study at a colposcopy clinic in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, data were compared from women with cytologic abnormalities referred for colposcopy between April 2003 and June 2010 to determine whether early (≤ 180 days) or late (> 180 days) referral had an impact on dysplasia grade.

Results: In the early and late referral groups, there were 213 (13.

Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive women after excision of transformation zone - does the grade change?

Objective: After previously reporting the presence of disease by cytology findings after treatment for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) in 64.6% of HIV-infected women and in 13.0% of HIV-negative women, we aimed to determine the severity of cytological disease after treatment in HIV-infected women.