Unique ultrastructural organization of human rod photoreceptors.

Rod and cone photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons responsible for transforming the information reaching the eyes in the form of photons into the language of neuronal activity. Rods are the most prevalent photoreceptor type, primarily responsible for light detection under conditions of limited illumination. Here we demonstrate that human rods have a morphological organization unique among all described species, whereby the cell soma extends alongside the light-sensitive outer segment compartment to form a structure we have termed the "accessory inner segment.

Noninvasive Electrical Modalities to Alleviate Respiratory Deficits Following Spinal Cord Injury.

(1) Background: Respiratory dysfunction is a debilitating consequence of cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting from the loss of cortico-spinal drive to respiratory motor networks. This impairment affects both central and peripheral nervous systems, disrupting motor control and muscle innervation, which is essential for effective breathing. These deficits significantly impact the health and quality of life of individuals with SCI.

First record of Monalonion velezangeli (Hemiptera: Miridae) affecting avocado and cherimoya (Annona cherimola) as new hosts in Ecuador.

Monalonion velezangeli is a polyphagous hemipteran reported as one of the main pests of economic importance in avocado and coffee crops. This is the first report of M. velezangeli affecting avocado (Persea americana (Mill)) in Ecuador and the first report of cherimoya (Annona cherimola) as a new host plant.

Comparison of surgical outcomes of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate using different energies.

Objective: This study evaluates surgical outcomes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients undergoing transurethral enucleation using various holmium laser (HoLEP) settings and/or bipolar devices (BipoLEP).

Design: This study was retrospective.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 158 BPH patients treated surgically, categorized by method: BipoLEP ( = 28), HoLEP with short pulse (HoLEP-SP,  = 26), HoLEP with long pulse and low energy (HoLEP-LP/LE,  = 29), HoLEP with long pulse and high energy (HoLEP-LP/HE,  = 26), HoLEP using Moses technology (HoLEP-Mo,  = 19), and a combination of HoLEP and BipoLEP (HoLEP-mix,  = 30).