Impact of hyperkalaemia on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitor reduction or withdrawal following hospitalisation.

Background: Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), such as ACE inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin-II receptor blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, reduce morbidity and mortality in hypertension, congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease. However, their use can lead to hyperkalaemia. We examined the proportions of RAAS inhibitor (RAASi) reduction or withdrawal, across GFR strata, following hospitalisation and the effect on patient mortality.

Do COVID-19 Infectious Disease Models Incorporate the Social Determinants of Health? A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To identify COVID-19 infectious disease models that accounted for social determinants of health (SDH).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, and the Web of Science from December 2019 to August 2020. We included mathematical modelling studies focused on humans investigating COVID-19 impact and including at least one SDH.

Epigenetic associations with kidney disease in individuals of African ancestry with APOL1 high-risk genotypes and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) high-risk variants are major determinants of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people of African ancestry. Previous studies have identified epigenetic changes in relation to kidney function and CKD, but not in individuals with APOL1 high-risk genotypes. We conducted an epigenome-wide analysis of CKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in in people of African ancestry and APOL1 high-risk genotypes with HIV.

Mutation Clonal Hierarchy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 ( ) have been considered late acquired mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development. To interrogate the ontogeny of mutations, we utilized single-cell DNA sequencing and identified that mutations can occur as initiating events in some AML patients when accompanied by strong oncogenic drivers, commonly mutations. The co-driver role of mutations was confirmed in a novel murine model that exhibits an AML phenotype with early expansion of a diverse set of variably differentiated myeloid cells that engrafted into immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice.

Estimation of Health State Utility Values for Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: A Time Trade-Off Analysis.

Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a rare progressive disease that can lead to kidney failure. The current study aimed to estimate health state utility values for IgAN from a UK societal perspective.

Methods: We used the time trade-off (TTO) method to derive utility values for various health states in IgAN, defined based on chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, proteinuria, dialysis, and nephrotic syndrome (CKD stages 1-4, proteinuria < 1 g/day vs ≥ 1 g/day; CKD stage 5, dialysis vs non-dialysis).