Dynamic protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation play an essential role in cell cycle progression. Kinases and phosphatases are generally highly conserved across eukaryotes, underlining their importance for post-translational regulation of substrate proteins. In recent years, advances in phospho-proteomics have shed light on protein phosphorylation dynamics throughout the cell cycle, and ongoing progress in bioinformatics has significantly improved annotation of specific phosphorylation events to a given kinase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Rising rates of labour and birth interventions are causing concern, having the potential to cause harm if used inappropriately. International evidence demonstrates that place itself influences birth outcomes, but evidence is limited as to how. In New Zealand there are differences in the rates of spontaneous vaginal births by place, along with differences when benchmarking uncomplicated primiparae birthing in hospital maternity facilities throughout the country.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo-dimensional semiconductors (2DSEM) based on van der Waals crystals offer important avenues for nanotechnologies beyond the constraints of Moore's law and traditional semiconductors, such as silicon (Si). However, their application necessitates precise engineering of material properties and scalable manufacturing processes. The ability to oxidize Si to form silicon dioxide (SiO) was crucial for the adoption of Si in modern technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeiotic recombination between homologous chromosomes is initiated by the formation of hundreds of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). Approximately 10% of these DSBs result in crossovers (COs), sites of physical DNA exchange between homologs that are critical to correct chromosome segregation. Virtually all COs are formed by coordinated efforts of the MSH4/MSH5 and MLH1/MLH3 heterodimers, the latter representing the defining marks of CO sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy is a suitable technique for studying the luminescent properties of optoelectronic materials because CL has no limitation on the excitable bandgap energy and eliminates ambiguous signals due to simple light scattering and resonant Raman scattering potentially involved in the photoluminescence spectra. However, direct CL measurements of atomically thin two-dimensional materials have been difficult due to the small excitation volume that interacts with high-energy electron beams. Herein, distinct CL signals from a monolayer hexagonal BN (hBN), namely mBN, epitaxial film grown on a graphite substrate are shown by using a CL system capable of large-area and surface-sensitive excitation.
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