A proteogenomic analysis of the adiposity colorectal cancer relationship identifies GREM1 as a probable mediator.

Background: Adiposity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The pathways underlying this relationship, and specifically the role of circulating proteins, are unclear.

Methods: Utilizing two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR), multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR), and colocalization, based on summary data from large sex-combined and sex-specific genetic studies, we estimated the univariable associations between: (i) body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and overall and site-specific (colon, proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal) CRC risk, (ii) BMI and WHR and circulating proteins, and (iii) adiposity-associated circulating proteins and CRC risk.

Progress with the Second Dose Measles Vaccine Introduction and Coverage in the WHO African Region.

Introduction: To achieve global and regional measles elimination objectives, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends coverage of 95% or higher with two doses of measles-containing vaccine. A second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) is typically administered in the second year of life after 12 months of age.

Methods: We reviewed WHO-UNICEF estimates of national coverage (WUENIC) for the first and second doses of MCV (MCV1 and MCV2, respectively) and calculated drop-out rates between MCV1 and MCV2 for countries in the WHO African Region.

Systematic review and meta-analyses: What has the application of Mendelian randomization told us about the causal effect of adiposity on health outcomes?

Mendelian randomization (MR) is increasingly used for generating estimates of the causal impact of exposures on outcomes. Evidence suggests a causal role of excess adipose tissue (adiposity) on many health outcomes. However, this body of work has not been systematically appraised.

Examining adaptive models of care implemented in hospital ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increased demand for hospital beds, which in turn led to unique changes to both the organisation and delivery of patient care, including the adoption of adaptive models of care. Our objective was to understand staff perspectives on adaptive models of care employed in intensive care units (ICUs) during the pandemic.

Methods: We interviewed 77 participants representing direct care staff (registered nurses) and members of the nursing management team (nurse managers, clinical educators and nurse practitioners) from 12 different ICUs.

Progress Toward Measles Elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2022.

Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease that requires high population immunity for transmission to be interrupted. All six World Health Organization regions have committed to eliminating measles; however, no region has achieved and sustained measles elimination. This report describes measles elimination progress during 2000-2022.