Prevalence of complex regional pain syndrome in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: More than 50% of multiple sclerosis patients experience chronic pain syndrome. We set out to determine the specific type of chronic pain that was seen in our multiple sclerosis patients.

Methods: Patients with multiple sclerosis were catalogued between January 2002 and April 2006 and identified by a search of the database.

Synthesis of spiro-fused (C5)-isoxazolino-(C4)-pyrazolones (1-oxa-2,7,8-triazaspiro[4,4]-2,8-dien-6-ones) via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and cycloelimination.

An efficient and selective method for the synthesis of spiro-fused (C5)-isoxazolino-(C4)-pyrazolones (C) is reported. The process consists of utilizing the Baylis-Hillman reaction-or a quicker, stepwise MAC procedure-to give I followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and Swern oxidation to give beta-ketoesters H, which were condensed with hydrazine derivatives to provide hydrazones that underwent cycloelimination. These novel spiro-fused (C5)-isoxazolino-(C4)-pyrazolones were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis as well as single-crystal X-ray of 5.

Growth inhibitory response to activin A and B by human prostate tumour cell lines, LNCaP and DU145.

Activins are growth and differentiation factors which have been shown to have proliferative and antiproliferative actions in many tissues. In addition, they have been implicated in tumourigenesis in reproductive tissues. Although activin and inhibin are present in rat ventral prostate, inhibin beta, but not alpha, subunit proteins have been detected in the human prostate epithelial tumour cell lines LNCaP, DU145 and PC3.

Inhibin-related proteins in rat prostate.

Inhibin and activin are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) family which can regulate cell proliferation in a number of tissues. The presence of inhibins and the related proteins, activins, in the prostate has been implicated by the detection of activin type II receptors. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not immunoactive (ir) inhibin and ir-activin are present in the rat prostate and to study the acute regulation by androgens.

Inhibin and activin are demonstrable by immunohistochemistry in ovarian tumor tissue.

Elevated serum immunoreactive inhibin concentrations have been reported in patients with mucinous and granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. The present study aimed to determine whether the inhibins and/or the related peptides, the activins, were demonstrable within ovarian tumor tissue. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 11 ovarian tumors, 5 mucinous, 3 serous, 1 granulosa, 1 clear cell, and 1 metastatic colonic cancer.