Alarm Pheromone Responses Depend on Genotype, but Not on the Presence of Facultative Endosymbionts in the Pea Aphid .

Aphids use an alarm pheromone, E-β farnesene (EBF), to warn conspecifics of potential danger. The antennal sensitivity and behavioural escape responses to EBF can be influenced by different factors. In the pea aphid, different biotypes are adapted to different legume species, and within each biotype, different genotypes exist, which can carry or not , a bacterial symbiont that can confer protection against natural enemies.

Intratissular lymphaticovenous anastomoses demonstrated by perioperative intramuscular injection of 99mTC-colloids.

Background: The existence of intratissular lymphaticovenous anastomoses has often been suggested, but it has never been demonstrated. This study aims at demonstrating the presence of such anastomoses.

Methods And Results: The free flap model was used to investigate the drainage of radiolabeled colloid particles whose size prevents direct passage to the blood vessels.

Tumor type and vascularity: important variables in infusional brachytherapy with colloidal 32P.

Purpose: This study investigated the role of histologic tumor characteristics, in comparison with a normal tissue, and of tumor vascularization on the uptake and retention of colloidal 32P used in infusional brachytherapy of solid cancers. The cytotoxicity of colloidal 32P was also evaluated for two tumors of different radiosensitivity, a melanoma, and a squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods And Materials: An in vitro analysis of colloidal 32P uptake was carried out on a human melanoma cell line, HBL, a human squamous cell carcinoma, SCC1, and normal fibroblasts, F-NBB.

The radiopharmaceutical industry and European Union regulations.

After a brief historical introduction to Council Directives relating to the manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals the work of the Association of Radiopharmaceuticals Producers - Europe (ARPE) is discussed. ARPE has played a significant role as an officially recognized interlocutor with the EEC, influencing decisions on the registration of radiopharmaceuticals and labelling; this role is reviewed and difficulties identified. The future of radiopharmaceuticals is then considered; it is emphasized that harmonization of national laws by the European Council would represent a first step to enabling radiopharmaceutical manufacturers to access the largest possible market for their products.