2022 Optical Interference Coatings Conference: Manufacturing Problem Contest [Invited].

Participants in the 2022 Manufacturing Problem Contest were challenged to fabricate an optical filter with a specified stepped transmittance spanning three orders of magnitude from 400 to 1100 nm. The problem required that contestants be versed in the design, deposition, and measurement of optical filters to achieve good results. Nine samples from five institutions were submitted with total thicknesses between 5.

Pyroelectric detector-based method for low uncertainty spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations in the infrared using tunable lasers.

The standard uncertainty of detector-based radiance and irradiance responsivity calibrations in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) traditionally has been limited to around 1% or higher by the poor spatial uniformity of detectors used to transfer the scale from radiant power. Pyroelectric detectors offer a solution that avoids the spatial uniformity uncertainty but also introduces additional complications due to alternating current (AC) measurement techniques. Herein, a new, to the best of our knowledge, method for low uncertainty irradiance responsivity calibrations in the SWIR is presented.

Bidirectional reflectance capabilities of the NIST Robotic Optical Scattering Instrument.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Robotic Optical Scattering Instrument (ROSI) serves as the national reference instrument for specular and diffuse bidirectional reflectance measurements in the ultraviolet to short-wave infrared wavelength regions. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the design, operation, and capabilities of ROSI. We describe measurement methods for diffuse and specular reflectance, identify and quantify the elements of the uncertainty budget, and validate the reflectance scale through comparison with NIST's previous reference instrument, the Spectral Tri-function Automated Reference Reflectometer.

Abbreviations for dyes, stains and fluorescent probes used in biology and medicine in the 21st century. A bright future or the last gasp?

I summarize here the history of the use of abbreviations, mostly in subject areas related to dyes, stains and fluorescent probes used in biology and medicine. The dozen most popular abbreviations in these fields are identified and their salient characteristics noted. The pros and cons of each abbreviation are discussed with relevant citations.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions About Medicolegal Education: A Survey of OB/GYN Residents.

Introduction: Medicolegal concerns affect the career decisions of obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN) residents; however, their exposure to medicolegal education during residency training is virtually unknown.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of medicolegal concepts among OB/GYN residents.

Methods: All residents in an accredited residency training program in OB/GYN in the United States during the 2017-2018 academic year were invited to complete an anonymous online survey.