Tracing the Origin and Evolution of the Fungal Mycophenolic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway.

Like bacteria and plants, fungi produce a remarkable diversity of small molecules with potent activities for human health known as natural products or secondary metabolites. One such example is mycophenolic acid (MPA), a powerful immunosuppressant drug that is administered daily to millions of transplant recipients worldwide. Production of MPA is restricted to a very limited number of filamentous fungi, and little is known about its biosynthetic modalities.

Choice-architecture TB preventive therapy prescribing for HIV patients in Mozambique.

Introduction: Despite the effectiveness of TB preventive treatment (TPT) in reducing TB incidence and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), uptake has been low. We conducted a cluster randomised trial to evaluate a choice architecture-based intervention for prescribing TPT (the 'CAT' study) to PLHIV in Mozambique, nested within the short-course 3HP regimen roll-out, and qualitatively assessed intervention acceptability and feasibility with healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods: The CAT intervention comprised training on default TPT prescribing and prescribing stickers integrated into antiretroviral therapy (ART) stationery.

Radiation-induced cellular plasticity primes glioblastoma for forskolin-mediated differentiation.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain cancer in adults, and all patients succumb to the tumor. While surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy delays disease progression, these treatments do not lead to tumor control, and targeted therapies or biologics have failed to further improve survival. Utilizing a transient radiation-induced state of multipotency, we used the adenylcyclase activator forskolin to alter the fate of irradiated glioma cells.

Incidence of Lead Tip Fracture and Retention After Percutaneous Lead Implantation for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation With an External Pulse Generator: A Multicenter Comparative Analysis of 456 Lead Implants Across Two Lead Hardware Generations.

Objectives: Lead fracture and retention are potential adverse events that can occur after peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) lead implantation, although recent technologic advancements in PNS hardware have been implemented to avert this risk. We aim to quantify the current incidence of temporary PNS lead fracture/retention and compare this with rates before changes in lead hardware design of temporary PNS.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter, retrospective observational study was conducted for patients implanted with a temporary PNS system (SPR© Therapeutics, Cleveland, OH) between June 1, 2018 and August 1, 2024.