Lack of effect of aspirin on cigarette smoke-induced increase in circulating endothelial cells.

A random-order, double-blind crossover study was done to compare the effects of placebo and two different doses of aspirin on the endothelial cell count of venous blood before and after smoking. Each of 17 male habitual smokers with coronary artery disease smoked two cigarettes during each of three 20-min periods separated by 2 weeks. Each patient was asked to take a tablet containing 150 mg of aspirin, 300 mg of aspirin or a placebo 12 h before each experimental smoking period and to abstain from smoking in the interim.

Effects of tobacco and non-tobacco cigarette smoking on endothelium and platelets.

Endothelial damage and platelet activation may mediate increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in tobacco cigarette smokers. Our study was designed to determine whether acute effects of tobacco smoking on endothelium and platelets could be avoided by the substitution of non-tobacco cigarettes. Twenty healthy nonsmokers smoked two tobacco cigarettes in 20 minutes and on another occasion (separated by 1 week) smoked two cigarettes made from wheat, cocoa, and citrus plants.

Cigarette smoking--induced enhancement of platelet function: lack of prevention by aspirin in men with coronary artery disease.

Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among cigarette smokers may be mediated in part by enhanced platelet function. Previous data showed that cigarette smoking--induced lowering of the platelet aggregate ratio of normal individuals was prevented by taking aspirin before smoking. Our study was undertaken to determine whether similar results would occur in men with coronary artery disease and whether platelet factor 4 would be released.

Effect of oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, diazepam, penicillin, and sulfamethazine in rats.

The effects of exchange transfusion with an oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluid, Fluosol DA 20% or stroma-free hemoglobin, on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, diazepam, penicillin, and sulfamethazine were studied in rats. After transfusion with Fluosol DA 20% or stroma-free hemoglobin the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, diazepam, and penicillin were unchanged when compared to control animals. After transfusion with Fluosol DA 20%, the t 1/2 of sulfamethazine was increased from 3.

Interaction of oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids with morphine.

The oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids, Fluosol DA 20% and stroma-free hemoglobin, are currently being evaluated for efficacy and effects in vivo. Because these fluids may be administered to trauma victims, the pharmacokinetics of morphine was studied in rats after transfusion with one of these fluids. During development of high-performance liquid chromatography assay for morphine in plasma, an in vitro interaction between plasma, Fluosol DA, or stroma-free hemoglobin and morphine was observed at pH greater than 10.