Mechanisms of resistance to cell wall and plasma membrane targeting antifungal drugs in candida species isolated in africa.

Introduction: There is a rise in antifungal resistance as well as the emergence of multidrug resistant fungal pathogens worldwide, including in Africa.

Method: This systematic review summarized the published data on the mechanisms and epidemiology of antifungal resistance in species in Africa between 2000 and early 2024.

Result: Seventeen reports from seven African countries were analyzed but due to the paucity of data, the prevalence of antifungal resistant isolates in Africa could not be estimated.

Controlled interkingdom cell-cell communication between and using quorum-sensing peptides.

Understanding communication among microorganisms through the array of signal molecules and establishing controlled signal transfer between different species is a major goal of the future of biotechnology, and controlled multispecies bioreactor cultivations will open a wide range of applications. In this study, we used two quorum-sensing peptides from - namely, the competence and sporulation factor (CSF) and (PhrF)-to establish a controlled interkingdom communication system between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. For this purpose, we engineered as a reporter capable of detecting the CSF and PhrF peptides heterologously produced by the yeast .

The analytical evaluation threshold for inorganic metal extractables and leachables analysis of medical devices.

Chemical characterization of medical devices uses the analytical evaluation threshold (AET) to determine reportable organic extractables, as these chemicals may be of toxicological concern and should be addressed via toxicological risk assessment. The AET is not applicable to metal extractables due to the exclusion of toxicity data on inorganics from the dataset used to derive dose-based threshold (DBT) values. This results in minimal guidance for reporting metal extractables.

Update on the structure and function of Candida albicans drug efflux protein, Cdr1.

Candida albicans is an important human pathogenic yeast, that can become resistant to commonly used antifungal agents, such as azoles. One mechanism of drug resistance is efflux via ATP binding cassette transporters, such as Cdr1. Several studies have investigated the structural organization, binding mechanisms, function and regulation of Cdr1.