A U-Net based partial convolutional time-domain separation model to identify motor units from surface electromyographic signals in real time.

This study proposed a U-Net based partial convolutional time-domain model for a real-time high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) decomposition. The model combines U-Net and a separation block containing partial convolution, aiming to efficiently identify motor units (MUs) without preprocessing. The proposed U-Net based network was trained by the HD-sEMG signals with innervation pulse trains (IPTs) labels, and the results are compared between different step sizes, noises, and model structures under the sliding time window with 120 sampling points.

Nitrate-Photolysis Shortens the Lifetimes of Brown Carbon Tracers from Biomass Burning.

Biomass burning is an important source of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols, which influence climate by affecting the Earth's radiative balance. However, the transformation pathways of BrC chromophores, especially in the presence of photochemically active species, such as nitrate, are not well understood. In this study, the nitrate-mediated aqueous-phase photooxidation of three typical BrC chromophores from biomass burning was investigated, including 4-nitrocatechol, 3-nitrosalicylic acid, and 3,4-dinitrophenol.

Enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling Feature Fusion for Small Ship Instance Segmentation.

In the maritime environment, the instance segmentation of small ships is crucial. Small ships are characterized by their limited appearance, smaller size, and ships in distant locations in marine scenes. However, existing instance segmentation algorithms do not detect and segment them, resulting in inaccurate ship segmentation.

Advances in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Urinary Metabolite Analysis: Exploiting Noble Metal Nanohybrids.

This review examines recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for urinary metabolite analysis, focusing on the development and application of noble metal nanohybrids. We explore the diverse range of hybrid materials, including carbon-based, metal-organic-framework (MOF), silicon-based, semiconductor, and polymer-based systems, which have significantly improved SERS performance for detecting key urinary biomarkers. The principles underlying SERS enhancement in these nanohybrids are discussed, elucidating both electromagnetic and chemical enhancement mechanisms.

The Clinical Characteristics of a Stage II Colorectal Cancer T4 Tumor: A Ten-Year Single-Center Research Report.

Aim: The tumor staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) plays a significant role in both treatment and prognosis, impacting surgical planning and adjuvant therapy decisions. Currently, the staging of CRC is based on the TNM system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. Prior studies have suggested that survival rates and recurrent rates of T4a tumors appear to be worse than that of T4b tumors, although there is currently no consensus.