A comparative view of human and mouse telencephalon inhibitory neuron development.

Human GABAergic inhibitory neurons (INs) in the telencephalon play crucial roles in modulating neural circuits, generating cortical oscillations, and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition. The major IN subtypes are based on their gene expression profiles, morphological diversity and circuit-specific functions. Although previous foundational work has established that INs originate in the ganglionic eminence regions in mice, recent studies have questioned origins in humans and non-human primates.

RICTOR variants are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

RICTOR is a key component of the mTORC2 signaling complex which is involved in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation and survival. RICTOR is highly expressed in neurons and is necessary for brain development. Here, we report eight unrelated patients presenting with intellectual disability and/or development delay and carrying variants in the RICTOR gene.

Association between body mass index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals: a nationwide population‑based cohort study.

Body mass index (BMI) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. We investigated the association between BMI and the risk of COPD among young individuals. Using the Korean National Health Information Database, we screened individuals aged 20-39 years who participated in the national health examination between 2009 and 2012.

Amorphous Carbon Monolayer: A van der Waals Interface for High-Performance Metal Oxide Semiconductor Devices.

Ultrasmall-scale semiconductor devices (≤5 nm) are advancing technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. However, the further scaling of these devices poses critical challenges, such as interface properties and oxide quality, particularly at the high-/semiconductor interface in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. Existing interlayer (IL) methods, typically exceeding 1 nm thickness, are unsuitable for ultrasmall-scale devices.

Robust integer optimization of turning parameters for cutting tool sustainability and machining economics in discrete production.

Machining optimization is crucial for determining cutting parameters that enhance machining economics. However, few studies address the significant variation in cutting tool wear and the complexities of discrete production, often leading to lower cutting parameters to prevent operational failures. Moreover, variations in part geometries lead to differing contact conditions between the cutting tool and workpiece, as well as variations in material removal.