Protocol for the assessment of the development of pragmatic competencies in early childhood (PDP-PI).

Introduction: The design of a Protocol for the Assessment of the development of pragmatic competences in early childhood (PDP-PI) and the preliminary data obtained in a comparative study in 3-5-year-old school children are presented.

Methods: The design of the protocol is based on a model of global understanding of pragmatics that considers essential to include linguistic, intersubjective and social aspects in order to make an adequate assessment of development. Based on the taxonomies of communicative functions, four basic competencies are described (Interactional, Referential, Subjective and Figurative).

Preclinical evaluation of polymer encapsulated carbon-based nano and microparticles for sentinel lymph node tattooing.

Selective sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNLB) is the standard method for detecting regional metastases in breast cancer patients. Identifying affected axillary lymph nodes before neoadjuvant treatment is crucial, as such treatment may alter drainage pathways and lymph node morphology, hindering the identification of sentinel lymph nodes. The use of carbon-based tattooing on sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) has been employed as a permanent tattooing method in clinical studies of Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD), aiding in the SLN identification during surgery.

Spheresomes are the main extracellular vesicles in low-grade gliomas.

Cancer progression and its impact on treatment response and prognosis is deeply regulated by tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells are in constant communication and modulate TME through several mechanisms, including transfer of tumour-promoting cargos through extracellular vesicles (EVs) or oncogenic signal detection by primary cilia. Spheresomes are a specific EV that arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi vesicles.

Liver tissue remodeling following ablation with irreversible electroporation in a porcine model.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a method of non-thermal focal tissue ablation characterized by irreversibly permeabilizing the cell membranes while preserving the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to investigate tissue remodeling after IRE in a porcine model, especially focusing on the extracellular matrix and hepatic stellate cells. IRE ablation was performed on 11 female pigs at 2,000 V/cm electric field strength using a versatile high-voltage generator and 3 cm diameter parallel-plate electrodes.