Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for oral delivery of insulin and insulin analogs: preliminary ex vivo and in vivo studies.

Aims: Subcutaneous administration of insulin in patients suffering from diabetes is associated with the distress of daily injections. Among alternative administration routes, the oral route seems to be the most advantageous for long-term administration, also because the peptide undergoes a hepatic first-pass effect, contributing to the inhibition of the hepatic glucose output. Unfortunately, insulin oral administration has so far been hampered by degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes and poor intestinal absorption.

Effect of Bilastine on Diabetic Nephropathy in DBA2/J Mice.

Diabetic nephropathy is an unmet therapeutic need, and the search for new therapeutic strategies is warranted. Previous data point to histamine H receptor as a possible target for glomerular dysfunction associated with long term hyperglycaemia. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the H receptor antagonist bilastine on renal morphology and function in a murine model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Histamine H receptor antagonism prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy in male DBA2/J mice.

Due to the incidence of diabetes and the related morbidity of diabetic nephropathy, identification of new therapeutic strategies represents a priority. In the last few decades new and growing evidence on the possible role of histamine in diabetes has been provided. In particular, the histamine receptor HR is emerging as a new promising pharmacological target for diabetic nephropathy.

Pharmacological and Biochemical Characterization of TLQP-21 Activation of a Binding Site on CHO Cells.

VGF is a propeptide of 617 amino acids expressed throughout the central and the peripheral nervous system. VGF and peptides derived from its processing have been found in dense core vesicles and are released from neuronal and neuroendocrine cells via the regulated secretory pathway. Among VGF-derived neuropeptides, TLQP-21 (VGF) has raised a huge interest and is one of most studied.

Obestatin induced recovery of myocardial dysfunction in type 1 diabetic rats: underlying mechanisms.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether obestatin (OB), a peptide mediator encoded by the ghrelin gene exerting a protective effect in ischemic reperfused heart, is able to reduce cardiac dysfunctions in adult diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced by STZ injection (50 mg/kg) in Wistar rats (DM). OB was administered (25 μg/kg) twice a day for 6 weeks.