Phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities evaluation and relationship of commercial spices in the lebanese market.

Lebanese cuisine is renowned for its distinctive flavours and vibrant aromas. In Lebanese cuisine, spices are not just used for their flavour; they are also valued for their medicinal properties. This study consists of evaluating and comparing the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of 21 samples of spices used in the Lebanese daily diet, such as cinnamon, allspice, coriander, cloves, etc.

Role and Regulation of Hepatobiliary ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters during Chemical-Induced Liver Injury.

Severity of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) ranges from mild, asymptomatic, and transient elevations in liver function tests to irreversible liver damage, often needing transplantation. Traditionally, DILI is classified mechanistically as high-frequency intrinsic DILI, commonly dose dependent or DILI that rarely occurs and is idiosyncratic in nature. This latter form is not dose dependent and has a pattern of histopathological manifestation that is not always uniform.

The Fragmented Picture of Social Care for Older People in German Prisons.

Older people in prisons are a vulnerable group with complex health and social care needs. German prisons have started to adapt to demographic changes and exemplary support services for older people are available in a few prisons, but a lack of age-specific support is widespread. National standards are needed to provide predictable conditions of imprisonment for older people.

The modulation of transcriptional expression and inhibition of multidrug resistance associated protein 4 (MRP4) by analgesics and their primary metabolites.

During the course of a toxic challenge, changes in gene expression can manifest such as induction of metabolizing enzymes as a compensatory detoxification response. We currently report that a single 400 mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP) dose to C57BL/6J mice led to an increase in multidrug resistance-associated (Mrp) 4 () mRNA 12 h after administration. Alanine aminotransferase, as a marker of liver injury, was also elevated indicating hepatotoxicity had occurred.