Descriptive Characterization of High-Frequency Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Source Components in Children.

Purpose: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) provide an objective assessment of cochlear function and are used for serial ototoxicity monitoring in pediatric cancer patients. DPOAEs are modeled as having distortion (near ) and reflection (near 2-) component sources, and developmental changes are observed in these components' relative strengths in infants compared with adults. However, little is known about source component strengths in childhood or at extended high frequencies (EHFs; > 8 kHz).

The role of parenting stress in anxiety and sleep outcomes in toddlers with congenital heart disease.

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study investigates how parenting stress, measured at 4 months of age by use of a classic three-dimensional parent-reported scale (Parenting Stress Index, 4th Ed. or PSI-4), can predict anxiety symptoms and quality of sleep at 24 months in toddlers with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Study Design: Sixty-six toddlers with CHD followed at our cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic were included in this study.

Discrepancies between mother and father ratings of child behavior after early mild traumatic brain injury.

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are highly prevalent during early childhood and can lead to behavioral difficulties. Parent report questionnaires are widely used to assess children's behavior, but they are subject to parental bias. The aim of this study was to investigate parental discrepancies in internalized and externalized behavior ratings of children who sustain mTBI in early childhood (i.

What About the Little Ones? Systematic Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes Following Early TBI.

There is increasing empirical focus on the effects of early traumatic brain injuries (TBI; i.e., before the age of six years) on child development, but this literature has never been synthetized comprehensively.

The PARENT model: a pathway approach for understanding parents' role after early childhood mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI or "concussion") is a highly prevalent health condition in children, and those under the age of 6 years have the highest rate of Emergency Department presentation for suspected head injuries. The outcome of mTBI is determined by a range of child (injury, biological, functional) and environmental (socio-economic status, parent, family) factors. The aim of this work is to present evidence supporting the central role of parental and familial factors in pediatric mTBI recovery, and to illustrate ways in which parental factors can especially influence the outcome of early mTBI, defined as injuries sustained by infants, toddlers and preschoolers.