Contribution of Single-Fiber Evaluation on Monitoring Outcomes Following Injection of Botulinum Toxin-A: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and is widely used for neuromuscular disorders (involuntary spasms, dystonic disorders and spasticity). However, its therapeutic effects are usually measured by clinical scales of questionable validity. Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) is a sensitive, validated diagnostic technique for NMJ impairment such as myasthenia.

Anatomical basis of transgluteal pudendal nerve block.

Background: The pudendal nerve may become entrapped either within the pudendal canal or near the sacrotuberous ligament resulting in a partial conduction block. The goal of the present anatomical study was to assess a new transgluteal injection technique in terms of the precise injection site and the resulting distribution of the injected agent.

Materials And Methods: This study was carried out using eight fresh human cadavers.

Pudendal nerve motor latency correlation by age and sex.

This study was a prospective study, it was undertaken on 172 subjects who had no prior central or peripheral nerve supply pathology and who had not an antecedent of anal surgery. The subjects had a normal value of the sacral reflex latency to be included in this study. In this population the value of the pudendal motor nerve latency was compared by age and sex in order to determine precise norms.

Somatosensory cortical and dermatome evoked potentials: a study conducted on 60 normal subjects. Results and their correlation relative to height and age.

The somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials of the median and tibial nerves (N 20, P 38), as well as dermatome evoked potentials by stimulation of specific dermatomes corresponding to the roots C5, C6, C7, C8-T1, L3, L4, L5 and S1, were recorded on the scalps of 73 normal subjects. The height and age of each subject were noted. Of the 73 subjects studied, 60 were withheld for the protocol.