A geo-gender-based analysis of human health: The presence of cut flower farms can attenuate pesticide exposure in African communities, with women being the most vulnerable.

Background: The rapid expansion of the cut flower industry in Africa has led to pervasive use and potential exposure of pesticides, raising concerns for local communities. Whether the risks associated with pesticide applications are localised or have broader implications remains unclear.

Methods: We measured biomarkers of real and perceived pesticide exposure in two Kenyan communities: Naivasha, where the cut flower industry is present, and Mogotio, where the cut flower industry is absent.

Influence of multi-stressor combinations of pCO, temperature, and salinity on the toxicity of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae), a fish-killing flagellate.

Climate change and global warming have led to more frequent harmful algal blooms in the last decade. Among these blooms, Heterosigma akashiwo, a golden-brown phytoflagellate, is one of the 40 species with a high potential to form harmful blooms, leading to significant fish mortality. Climate change leads to rising atmospheric and ocean temperatures.

Climate change amplifies the risk of potentially toxigenic cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacterial blooms pose a significant threat to water security, with anthropogenic forcing being implicated as a key driver behind the recent upsurge and global expansion of cyanobacteria in modern times. The potential effects of land-use alterations and climate change can lead to complicated, less-predictable scenarios in cyanobacterial management, especially when forecasting cyanobacterial toxin risks. There is a growing need for further investigations into the specific stressors that stimulate cyanobacterial toxins, as well as resolving the uncertainty surrounding the historical or contemporary nature of cyanobacterial-associated risks.

Insights into Cellular Localization and Environmental Influences on the Toxicity of Marine Fish-Killing Flagellate, .

is a unicellular microalga which can cause massive mortality in both wild and cultivated fish worldwide, resulting in substantial economic losses. Environmental parameters such as salinity, light, and temperature showed a significant effect on bloom initiation and the toxicity of . While in previous studies a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was utilized, which only changes one variable at a time while keeping others constant, in the current study a more precise and effective design of experiment (DOE) approach, was used to investigate the simultaneous effect of three factors and their interactions.