Task activation results in regional C-lactate signal increase in the human brain.

Hyperpolarized-C magnetic resonance imaging (HP-C MRI) was used to image changes in C-lactate signal during a visual stimulus condition in comparison to an eyes-closed control condition. Whole-brain C-pyruvate, C-lactate and C-bicarbonate production was imaged in healthy volunteers (N = 6, ages 24-33) for the two conditions using two separate hyperpolarized C-pyruvate injections. BOLD-fMRI scans were used to delineate regions of functional activation.

Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR.

Background: The elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).

Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023.

Chemokine associations with blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier permeability and delirium.

Delirium is a highly prevalent neuropsychiatric syndrome characterised by acute and fluctuating impairments in attention and cognition. Mechanisms driving delirium are poorly understood but it has been suggested that blood cytokines and chemokines cross the blood brain barrier during delirium, directly impairing brain function. It is not known whether these molecules reach higher brain levels when the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is impaired.

Wildfires: Burning our way to a 'hot house Earth'?

A new global analysis shows that wildfires turn temperate and boreal forests into major emitters of greenhouse gases - instead of storing carbon. Without sustainable forest fire management, forest fires may amplify climate change, leading to irreversible ecological changes.

Engineered initiator tRNAs can effectively start translation at non-AUG start codons and diversify N-terminal amino acids for mRNA Display.

mRNA display is an effective tool to identify high-affinity macrocyclic binders for challenging protein targets. The success of an mRNA display selection is dependent on generating highly diverse libraries with trillions of peptides. While translation elongation can canonically accommodate the 61 proteinogenic triplet codons, translation initiation is restricted to the native start codon AUG.