Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids as Ingredients of Gel-Based Dermal Formulations.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have several properties that offer many advantages in dermal drug delivery systems. Depending on the chemical structure, ILs can be used for protection against microorganisms, to enhance skin penetration, and as a solvent. In the present work, SEPINEO™ P 600 formulations and hydroxyethylcellulose gels containing the hydrophilic ILs hexylpyridinium chloride, choline dihydrogen phosphate, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate were prepared, and the influence of the ILs on the formulation properties was evaluated.

Two glycoforms are present in the GPI-membrane anchor of the surface antigen 1 (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii.

SAG1 (P30) is the major surface protein of the Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite, the life cycle stage associated with the acute phase of infection. The protein is inserted into the parasite's plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor, a modification that is present on all T. gondii surface proteins characterized so far.

Molecular structure of the "low molecular weight antigen" of Toxoplasma gondii: a glucose alpha 1-4 N-acetylgalactosamine makes free glycosyl-phosphatidylinositols highly immunogenic.

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan causing congenital infection and severe encephalitis in the course of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositols of T. gondii have been shown to be identical with the low molecular weight antigen which elicits an early immunoglobulin M immune response in humans.