Publications by authors named "C F Spiropoulou"
SUMMARYHenipaviruses were first identified 30 years ago and have since been associated with over 30 outbreaks of disease in humans. Highly pathogenic henipaviruses include Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens. In addition, NiV has been listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and the UK Vaccines Research and Development Network (UKVN).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus replicon particle vaccine is safe and elicits functional, non-neutralizing anti-nucleoprotein antibodies and T cell activation in rhesus macaques.
Antiviral Res
January 2025
Advancement of vaccine candidates that demonstrate protective efficacy in screening studies necessitates detailed safety and immunogenicity investigations in pre-clinical models. A non-spreading Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) viral replicon particle (VRP) vaccine was developed for single-dose administration to protect against disease. To date, several studies have supported safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the CCHF VRP in multiple highly sensitive murine models of lethal disease, but the VRP had yet to be evaluated in large animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies, like 4'-fluorouridine (4'-FlU), is crucial for effectively responding to outbreaks and pandemics caused by emerging viruses, particularly those that cause hemorrhagic fevers, which have seen increasing morbidity and mortality rates.
- 4'-FlU has shown antiviral activity against several hemorrhagic fever viruses in cell cultures and has demonstrated high efficacy in guinea pig models infected with lethal arenaviruses, maintaining its effectiveness at low doses.
- When administered late in infection, 4'-FlU not only resolved clinical symptoms quickly but also showcased its potential as a therapeutic option with a broader application against various viral pathogens.
Inflammation associated with monocyte/macrophage activation and recruitment corresponds with lethal outcome in a mouse model of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.
Emerg Microbes Infect
December 2024
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes human disease ranging from subclinical to a fatal haemorrhagic syndrome. Determinants of CCHF pathogenesis are largely unknown and animal models that recapitulate human disease are limited. A recently described mouse model uses a monoclonal antibody (mAb 5A3) targeting the interferon (IFN) alpha/beta receptor to suppress type I IFN responses, making animals transiently susceptible to infection.
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- Ebola disease (EBOD) is a serious illness caused by viruses in the Orthoebolavirus genus, primarily the Ebola virus, posing challenges for public health due to its human-to-human transmission and limited treatment options.
- Despite decades of research, the origins and detailed epidemiology of these viruses remain unclear, with serosurveys indicating higher infection rates than the observed clinical cases.
- Recent work has mapped a specific B-cell epitope in the Ebola virus spike protein, revealing that cross-reactive antibodies provide insight into unexpected seroprevalences and suggest potential improvements in serological specificity for diagnosing EBOD.