Emergency preparedness for mass casualty events: South Texas commentary on the development of a statewide emergency response system.

Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are on the rise in the USA, and hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. The need for rapid access to life-saving blood and blood products is essential for preventing death due to hemorrhage. It is well established that most major cities in the USA are underprepared to meet blood transfusion requirements in the event of an MCI.

Organoboron-Promoted Regioselective Glycosylations in the Synthesis of a Saponin-Derived Pentasaccharide from Spergularia ramosa.

Organoboron-mediated regioselective glycosylations were employed as key steps in the total synthesis of a branched pentasaccharide from a saponin natural product. The ability to use organoboron activation to differentiate OH groups in an unprotected glycosyl acceptor, followed by substrate-controlled reactions of the obtained disaccharide, enabled a streamlining of the synthesis relative to a protective group-based approach. This study revealed a matching/mismatching effect of the relative configuration of donor and acceptor on the efficiency of a regioselective glycosylation reaction, a problem that was solved through the development of a novel boronic acid-amine copromoter system for glycosyl acceptor activation.

Applications of organoboron compounds in carbohydrate chemistry and glycobiology: analysis, separation, protection, and activation.

The reversible covalent interactions between organoboron compounds and diols have been applied for many years in carbohydrate chemistry. They form the basis of efficient methods for the detection of carbohydrates, and applications in cellular imaging and glycoprotein analysis are beginning to emerge. The interactions are also of widespread utility in carbohydrate synthesis: depending upon the coordination geometry at boron, either protection or activation of a bound diol motif may be achieved.

Anion receptors composed of hydrogen- and halogen-bond donor groups: modulating selectivity with combinations of distinct noncovalent interactions.

Studies of a series of urea-based anion receptors designed to probe the potential for anion recognition through combinations of hydrogen and halogen bonding are presented. Proton- and fluorine-NMR spectroscopy indicates that the two interactions act in concert to achieve binding of certain anions, a conclusion supported by computational studies. Replacement of the halogen-bond donating iodine substituent by fluorine (which does not participate in halogen bonding) enables estimation of the contribution of this interaction to the free energy of anion binding.