The PIKASO trial (Preventing Injured Knees from Osteoarthritis: Severity Outcomes): Rationale and design features for a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Given the high burden and increasing prevalence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), identifying clinically beneficial strategies to prevent or delay its onset could improve the quality of life of those at high risk of developing the disease.

Methods: Preventing Injured Knees from OsteoArthritis: Severity Outcomes (PIKASO) is a multicenter blinded, parallel, two-arm randomized controlled trial of 512 individuals aged 18-45 years undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of a 12-month intervention of oral metformin vs.

Evaluating Tumor Tissue Modified Viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA for the Early Detection of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence.

Background: The incidence and mortality of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) are rising, with greater than 80% of cases linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily HPV16. Post-treatment surveillance can be challenging due to the limitations of anoscopy, digital anal rectal exam (DARE), and imaging. Plasma tumor tissue modified viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA has shown strong sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in detecting the recurrence of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer.

Frailty Screening Using the Risk Analysis Index: A User Guide.

The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) has emerged as the most thoroughly validated and flexible assessment of surgical frailty, proven feasible for at-scale bedside screening and available in a suite of tools, that effectively risk stratifies patients across a wide variety of clinical contexts and data sources. This user guide provides a definitive summary of the RAI's theoretical model, historical development, validation, statistical performance, and clinical interpretation, placing the RAI in context with other frailty assessments and emphasizing some of its advantages. Detailed instructions are provided for each RAI variant, along with a systematic review of existing RAI-related literature.

Higher Rate of Reinterventions After Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting in Symptomatic Patients: A Retrospective Stroke Center's Cohort Study between 2015-2024.

Introduction: Carotid artery stenosis is a significant contributor to ischemic strokes, and its surgical management includes carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA), transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF-CAS), and trans carotid artery revascularization (TCAR). CEA has traditionally been preferred, but TF-CAS and TCAR are also excellent alternative options if the anatomy of the vessels allows them. This study reports our short- and mid-term outcomes after carotid artery revascularization in symptomatic patients at a stroke center.

Complementary cognitive roles for D2-MSNs and D1-MSNs during interval timing.

The role of striatal pathways in cognitive processing is unclear. We studied dorsomedial striatal cognitive processing during interval timing, an elementary cognitive task that requires mice to estimate intervals of several seconds and involves working memory for temporal rules as well as attention to the passage of time. We harnessed optogenetic tagging to record from striatal D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the indirect pathway and from D1-dopamine receptor-expressing MSNs (D1-MSNs) in the direct pathway.