Total tocopherol levels in maize grain depend on chlorophyll biosynthesis within the embryo.

Background: Tocopherols are a class of lipid-soluble compounds that have multiple functional roles in plants and exhibit vitamin E activity, an essential nutrient for human and animal health. The tocopherol biosynthetic pathway is conserved across the plant kingdom, but source of the key tocopherol pathway precursor, phytol, is unclear. Two protochlorophyllide reductases (POR1 and POR2) were previously identified as loci controlling the natural variation of total tocopherols in maize grain, a non-photosynthetic tissue.

From cytoplasm to lumen-mapping the free pools of protein subunits of three photosynthetic complexes using quantitative mass spectrometry.

The phycobilisome (PBS) captures light energy and transfers it to photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Which and how many copies of protein subunits in PBSs, PSI, and PSII remain unbound in thylakoids are unknown. Here, quantitative mass spectrometry (QMS) was used to quantify substantial pools of free extrinsic subunits of PSII and PSI.

Cooperativity in the assembly of H-bonded duplexes of synthetic recognition-encoded melamine oligomers.

Recognition-encoded melamine oligomers (REMO) are synthetic polymers composed of repeating triazine-piperazine units and equipped with phenol and phosphine oxide side-chains. Short oligomers have previously been shown to form length- and sequence-selective H-bonded duplexes in non-polar solvents. Here, automated solid phase synthesis was used to prepare homo-sequence REMO with either twelve phenol recognition units or twelve phosphine oxide recognition units.

Larger Zona Orbicularis Size on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Not Associated With Increased Resistance to Axial Distraction of the Hip Joint.

Purpose: To evaluate the relation between zona orbicularis (ZO) thickness on magnetic resonance imaging and distractibility of the hip in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of primary hip arthroscopy patients treated for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome from December 2021 to September 2022. Prior to arthroscopy, hips were subjected to 100 lb of force (lbf) with fluoroscopic images taken to calculate joint space and overall distraction distance.

Tethering ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase to photosystem I promotes photosynthetic cyclic electron transfer.

Fixing CO2 via photosynthesis requires ATP and NADPH, which can be generated through linear electron transfer (LET). However, depending on the environmental conditions, additional ATP may be required to fix CO2, which can be generated by cyclic electron transfer (CET). How the balance between LET and CET is determined remains largely unknown.