Diffusion and Kinetic Theory on Very Long Time and Large Space Scales.

This paper extends the concept of epitropy, as introduced in previous work, to capture the effects of extreme tail behavior arising naturally over very long time and large space scales. Epitropy has some qualities that parallel entropy, although it is not quite the same. Its function is to capture the effects of a probability distribution function (PDF) having only a finite populated domain, which was introduced to eliminate divergent moment integrals.

Toddler Screen Use Before Bed and Its Effect on Sleep and Attention: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Toddler screen time has been associated with poorer sleep and differences in attention. Understanding the causal impact of screen time on early development is of the highest importance.

Objective: To test (1) the feasibility of the 7-week parent-administered screen time intervention (PASTI) in toddlers (aged 16-30 months) who have screen time in the hour before bed and (2) the impact of PASTI on toddlers' sleep and attention.

Individual-level analysis of MRI T2 relaxometry in mild traumatic brain injury: Possible indications of brain inflammation.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), often called concussion, is a prevalent condition that can have significant implications for people's health, functioning and well-being. Current clinical practice relies on self-reported symptoms to guide decision-making regarding return to sport, employment, and education. Unfortunately, reliance on subjective evaluations may fail to accurately reflect the resolution of neuropathology, exposing individuals with mTBI to an increased risk of further head trauma.

Maternal, neonatal, and nutritional risk factors for medical and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective: To identify maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with progression to surgery or death after diagnosis of NEC.

Study Design: Forty-seven demographic and clinical factors were evaluated across 216 validated cases of NEC occurring between 2010-2020. Nutrition at NEC onset was evaluated in 149 cases.

Tales of Tails.

Typical human-scaled considerations of thermodynamic states depend primarily on the core of associated speed or other relevant distributions, because the wings of those distributions are so improbable that they cannot contribute significantly to averages. However, for long timescale regimes (slow time), previous papers have shown otherwise. Fluctuating local equilibrium systems have been proven to have distributions with non-Gaussian tails demanding more careful treatment.