Integrative taxonomy of Sprentascaris mahnerti and phylogeny of raphidascaridid nematodes (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Raphidascarididae) suggest the monophyly of Sprentascaris.

Sprentascaris mahnerti (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) collected from Loricariichthys labialis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in the Pantanal wetlands, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), was redescribed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and genetically characterised along with two other raphidascaridids: Raphidascaroides brasiliensis and Ro. moraveci. Due to the systematic discussion regarding Raphidascaris and Sprentascaris, as well as the poor knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships within Raphidascarididae, phylogenies were reconstructed based on partial sequences of the 18S and 28S nuclear rRNA gene, the nuclear ITS1-5.

A new species of (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) infecting the fish (Cichlidae) from the Pantanal wetlands, Brazil and a taxonomic update of the subgenera of based on molecular phylogeny and morphology.

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) andersoni n. sp. (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) collected in the intestine of the humphead cichlid Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia) from the Pantanal wetlands, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) is described and genetically characterized.

First description of the male of Philometroides acreanensis and phylogenetic assessment of Philometridae (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) suggest instability of some taxa.

The male of Philometroides acreanensis, parasitic in the anterior intestine external wall of the freshwater catfish Pimelodus blochii, from the Brazilian Amazon, is described for the first time. Additional data on the morphology of females is given. The new morphological data strengthened the validity of the species as well as its first genetic characterization, using three nuclear genetic markers (18S and 28S of the rDNA and ITS1-58S-ITS2), confirmed the high genetic resemblance of male and female specimens.

Diaphanocephalus galeatus (Nematoda: Diaphanocephalidae), a poorly known parasite of lizards: redescription, first genetic characterization and a revision of its congeners from Brazil.

Diaphanocephalus galeatus collected from the small intestine of the lizard Dracaena paraguayensis in the Pantanal wetlands, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is redescribed. Genetic characterization and observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed for the first time. The vouchers of D.

Insight into role of microbiota-gut-brain peptides as a target for biotechnology innovations.

It has long been understood that some microorganisms may modify their hosts behavior in various systems. Nevertheless, it has only been in recent years that gut microbiota have opened new perspectives to appreciate their potential for affect complex neurological function in mammals. Efforts have demonstrated the ability of these gut-microbiota to impact neurological outcomes, suggested a prominent role for the gut microbiota in the gut-brain interactions, indicating that alterations in bidirectional microbiota-brain-gut may be involved in a number of brain disorders.