Amblyopia screening in Bulgaria.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and the average age at first ophthalmological examination of school-aged children from northwestern Bulgaria.

Methods: Visual acuity testing, stereopsis, orthoptics, ocular motility, non-cycloplegic refraction, direct ophthalmoscopy, and external ocular inspection were performed. Cycloplegic refraction and indirect ophthalmoscopy were done as necessary.

[Dirofilariasis--a rare antroponosis. Review of the literature and a report of two clinical cases].

Dirofilariasis is a rare anthroponotic endemic disease caused by nematodes. The dog is the reservoir of this parasite and men are accidentally infected by mosquitoes. A subcutaneous mass or pulmonary nodules are the typical clinical presentation.

[Acute urinary retention].

Acute urinary retention is a problem a high medico-social importance. Many risk factors modify its incidence. Having un adequate information of the ethiology and the pathogenesis of the disease itself gives new opportunities for future therapeutic methods.

[Extrinsic obstruction of the ureter in colorectal cancer--aspects of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment].

Background: Primary or recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) may lead to extrinsic obstruction of the ureter (EOU) necessitating differentiated and individual approach based on the genesis of the lesion.

Aim: Analysis of the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of cases of EUO in our experience.

Material And Methods: From Jan.

Dorsal onlay augmentation urethroplasty with small intestinal submucosa: modified Barbagli technique for strictures of the bulbar urethra.

Aim: To present the results from one clinic's experience of using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in augmentation urethroplasty for management of strictures of the bulbar urethra.

Methods: Urethral surgery was performed in nine men with strictures 4-6 cm. All of the patients were evaluated by history, physical examination, retrograde urethrogram, and uroflowmetry.